One of the longest-ever ‘flights to nowhere’ operated on Thursday, and it shouldn’t surprise anyone that the 14-hour journey was the result of an operational screwup by Air India. It was much worse than last year’s 9-hour Air India flight to nowhere from Chicago.
Air India flight 185 departed Delhi for Vancouer, and after more than seven hours in the air, and over Chinese airspace, it turned around and went back to Delhi. The airline only described it as an “operational issue” made “in line with established standard operating procedures.”
This intrigued me, because much of the reporting on the incident seemed to get the cause wrong. But I’ve sorted out what happened. They dispatched the wrong plane – one that wasn’t equipped for the journey.
- The airplane used for the flight was Boeing 777-200LR registered as VT-AEI.
- They normally fly a Boeing 777-300ER on the route.
- The widely-reported explanation is that Air India sent a 777-200LR when they only have Canadian approval for a 777-300ER. That seems incorrect.
Air India Boeing 777, Copyright: boarding1now / 123RF Stock Photo
It was a regulatory issue, but not a Canadian paperwork issue. It’s a bit striking that nobody realized the problem until the flight was over China, although In August 2015 American Airlines did mistakenly used an Airbus A321 that wasn’t approved for long-distance overwater flying to operate an LA – Hawaii flight.
So what actually happened? Transport Canada does require a Canadian Foreign Air Operator Certificate which – for non-U.S. operators – documents each aircraft intended to be operated in Canada, and requires certificate amendments to adjust that list. However, Air India 777-200LRs have flown to Canada before! It doesn’t appear to be an issue of Air India Boeing 777-200LRs not being permitted into Canada, as much of the reporting suggests.
Instead, there appears to be an issue with a subfleet of the 777-200LR. Air India took delivery of 8 of these planes between 2007 and 2010, but sold 5 to Etihad in 2014. Then they leased 5 that Delta had retired during the pandemic. These are being returned. And it’s these ex-Delta 777-200LRs that appear to be the problem. VT-AEI, which turned around, is one of these ex-Delta planes.
- VT-AEE — ex N704DK (MSN 29739)
- VT-AEF — ex N702DN (MSN 29741)
- VT-AEG — ex N706DN (MSN 30440)
- VT-AEH — ex N707DN (MSN 39091)
- VT-AEI — ex N708DN (MSN 39254)
Air India flies routes over the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. They’ll fly a route that goes near the Hindu Kush high terrain, avoiding both Afghanistan airspace and Pakistan airspace. However to do this requires additional oxygen on board. The legacy Air India planes have it, the Delta ones do not, and the Delta ones aren’t a permanent part of the fleet so haven’t received the investment.
The ex-Delta aircraft has installed passenger oxygen meant to last about 12 minutes. However, the emergency descent profile over high terrain can require more than that. Passenger oxygen requirements depend on whether an airplane can descend to a safe altitude quickly enough while maintaining terrain clearance.
India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation fined Air India in January 2024 for operating these leased 777s on certain “long-range terrain critical routes” without the required emergency-oxygen arrangement. One ex-Delta jet was put onto a longer routing to the U.S. that avoided the Hindu Kush after a pilot caught the issue.
The problem here is that Air India sent a plane out to Canada that it shouldn’t have, because it lacked the required oxygen for the routing not because ‘Air India isn’t allowed to send 777-200LRs to Canada’.
Interesting.
I agree, Gary. Let’s blame Delta… bah!
Delta did not fly to DEL or S. Asia that required crossing the Himalayas w/ the LRs so did not equip the planes to fly extended over mountain use.
DL hasn’t operated the planes for 5 years so the onus is clearly on the current operator to have known what the planes could and could not do.
I have to agree with Tim Dunn. What does Delta have to do with the problem?
OK DL worshippers…please show me where Gary blamed DL for AI’s (a misnomer in todays use of AI vernacular) dispatch screwup.
Wait, is my reading correct? They didn’t have the emergency O2 required to fly over the Himalayas, so, after flying over the Himalayas into China, they turned back and went over the Himalayas back home?